Eğitim Sayfam

Judo, which means 'the gentle way’, is a perfect example of how skill can overcome brute force because it teaches a person to use an opponent's weight against them. So, although a woman may feel intimidated by a taller male opponent, through the skilful application of throws and holds, she can overpower him. It's easy to see why this sport produces selfconfidence and is a great way of releasing tension. The sport of judo was invented in Japan in 1882 to combat bullying in schools. Jigoro Kano founded a judo academy after years of studying other martial arts to discover the most efficient way of deterring his playground enemies. Initially judo was not accepted by other martial artists, but in 1886, Tokyo's police force held a martial art tournament and judo techniques scored highly. Recently, judo has been the most widely practiced of martial arts outside China and Japan.

We are told in the passage that judo ........ .

2. THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY

The Bayeux Tapestry, a historical record created in the 11th century, is the only masterpiece of its kind in the world. The most extraordinary thing about it is its sheer size. It is a huge embroidered piece of linen cloth measuring 70 metres long and 50 metres high. The pictures tell the story of the conquest of England, by William the Conqueror in 1066. The designers sectioned the story into 72 separate scenes, which begin with the King of England, Edward the Confessor, shown close to death in 1064 and ends with the crushing defeat of the Anglo- Saxons by the Normans at Hastings on the soruth coast of England. It shows King Harold with an arrow in his eye. The scenes which include battles kidnappings ransoms are embroidered in rich colours which bears no resemblance to reality. Animals, for example, can be depicted in blue, green or yellow. For many years the tapestry, which served as a decoration in the cathedral at Bayeux, was little known outside the town. Today, after being meticulously repaired, it is on display for tourists.

3. THE INTERNET

The Internet originated as a system used for research by the military in the USA. Universities were the next group to connect to the system. The Internet started to develop as commercial system in the late 1980s and by the mid-1990s, home users were starting to connect to the Internet in significant numbers. Internet usage is still growing quickly and the number of hours we spend 'on-line' is rising sharply. The United States still leads the way in Internet usage, but Europe is catching up. It is difficult to predict such a fast-growing area, but at the end of 1999, it was estimated that between 13 and 14 million people in the UK, about one fifth of the population, had access to the Internet. World-wide, at least 100 million people are connected to the system. E-mail is the simplest application of the Internet, but it is also the most popular both among businesses and personal users. E-mail is a straightforward and cost-effective way of communicating using the Internet, falling somewhere between the phone and the facsimile in terms of formality and speed. E-mail is cheap and it only takes a few seconds for a message to reach the Internet. At the moment, the computer is the most common way people connect to the Internet, followed by mobile phones, but in the future, television sets will have Internet capabilities:

According to the passage, the Internet was first used ........................ .

4. MIGUEL GIL MORENO (1968-2000)

Even the most war-hardened journalists must have felt a cold shiver of shock on the day that Miguel Gil Moreno was shot dead by rebels from Sierra Leone. Miguel was killed close to where he had recently shot his last pictures, which were images of a massacre of UN troops. The death of Miguel, who was just 32 years old, deprives television news of the cameraman who shot some of the most compelling and powerful images of war. Miguel did not start out as a photographer or journalist, but as a lawyer. After graduating from Barcelona Central University Law School, he practised law at a city firm before studying Human Rights at the Centre for Human Rights in Barcelona. Miguel believed wholeheartedly in the right and obligation to bear witness and to report. He soon gained himself a reputation for, unequalled brilliance in photographing human suffering during conflicts. He worked in dangerous places such as Kosovo, the Congo and Sierra Leone. In 1998, he won the Rory Peck Award for his Kosovo coverage. How many people will be brave enough, like him, to go where the perpetrators of war would rather no one went? How many will carry on the work of bringing the ugly and brutal truth into our comfortable lives?

It's mentioned in the passage that Miguel last photographed............ .